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		<title>Java/Data Type/int - История изменений</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-21T21:58:17Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://www.jexp.ru/index.php?title=Java/Data_Type/int&amp;diff=6755&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin: 1 версия</title>
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				<updated>2010-06-01T06:18:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 версия&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Версия 06:18, 1 июня 2010&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.jexp.ru/index.php?title=Java/Data_Type/int&amp;diff=6754&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title> в 18:01, 31 мая 2010</title>
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				<updated>2010-05-31T18:01:44Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Новая страница&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Add two integers, checking for overflow. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
import java.io.File;&lt;br /&gt;
/* &lt;br /&gt;
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more&lt;br /&gt;
 *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with&lt;br /&gt;
 *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.&lt;br /&gt;
 *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0&lt;br /&gt;
 *  (the &amp;quot;License&amp;quot;); you may not use this file except in compliance with&lt;br /&gt;
 *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software&lt;br /&gt;
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an &amp;quot;AS IS&amp;quot; BASIS,&lt;br /&gt;
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.&lt;br /&gt;
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and&lt;br /&gt;
 *  limitations under the License.&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  /**&lt;br /&gt;
   * Add two integers, checking for overflow.&lt;br /&gt;
   * &lt;br /&gt;
   * @param x an addend&lt;br /&gt;
   * @param y an addend&lt;br /&gt;
   * @return the sum &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;x+y&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   * @throws ArithmeticException if the result can not be represented as an&lt;br /&gt;
   *         int&lt;br /&gt;
   * @since 1.1&lt;br /&gt;
   */&lt;br /&gt;
  public static int addAndCheck(int x, int y) {&lt;br /&gt;
      long s = (long)x + (long)y;&lt;br /&gt;
      if (s &amp;lt; Integer.MIN_VALUE || s &amp;gt; Integer.MAX_VALUE) {&lt;br /&gt;
          throw new ArithmeticException(&amp;quot;overflow: add&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      return (int)s;&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Are all hex integers negative ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
/*&lt;br /&gt;
 * Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, http://www.darwinsys.ru/, 1996-2002.&lt;br /&gt;
 * All rights reserved. Software written by Ian F. Darwin and others.&lt;br /&gt;
 * $Id: LICENSE,v 1.8 2004/02/09 03:33:38 ian Exp $&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without&lt;br /&gt;
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions&lt;br /&gt;
 * are met:&lt;br /&gt;
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright&lt;br /&gt;
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.&lt;br /&gt;
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright&lt;br /&gt;
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the&lt;br /&gt;
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED&lt;br /&gt;
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR&lt;br /&gt;
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS&lt;br /&gt;
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR&lt;br /&gt;
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF&lt;br /&gt;
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS&lt;br /&gt;
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN&lt;br /&gt;
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)&lt;br /&gt;
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE&lt;br /&gt;
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.&lt;br /&gt;
 * &lt;br /&gt;
 * Java, the Duke mascot, and all variants of Sun&amp;quot;s Java &amp;quot;steaming coffee&lt;br /&gt;
 * cup&amp;quot; logo are trademarks of Sun Microsystems. Sun&amp;quot;s, and James Gosling&amp;quot;s,&lt;br /&gt;
 * pioneering role in inventing and promulgating (and standardizing) the Java &lt;br /&gt;
 * language and environment is gratefully acknowledged.&lt;br /&gt;
 * &lt;br /&gt;
 * The pioneering role of Dennis Ritchie and Bjarne Stroustrup, of AT&amp;amp;T, for&lt;br /&gt;
 * inventing predecessor languages C and C++ is also gratefully acknowledged.&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/**&lt;br /&gt;
 * Are all hex integers negative?&lt;br /&gt;
 * @author Ian F. Darwin, http://www.darwinsys.ru/&lt;br /&gt;
 * @version $Id: HexNeg.java,v 1.4 2004/02/09 03:33:53 ian Exp $&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
public class HexNeg {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] argv) {&lt;br /&gt;
    //+&lt;br /&gt;
    long data[] = { 0, 0x01, 0xff, 0x100, 0xffff, 0xffffff, &lt;br /&gt;
      0x7fffffff, 0xffffffff };&lt;br /&gt;
    for (int i=0; i&amp;lt;data.length; i++)&lt;br /&gt;
      System.out.println(&amp;quot;data[&amp;quot;+i+&amp;quot;] = &amp;quot; + data[i]);&lt;br /&gt;
    //-&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
           &lt;br /&gt;
         &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Autoboxing/unboxing int ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      &lt;br /&gt;
class AutoBox {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String args[]) {&lt;br /&gt;
    Integer iOb = 100; // autobox an int&lt;br /&gt;
    int i = iOb; // auto-unbox&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(i + &amp;quot; &amp;quot; + iOb); // displays 100 100&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Compare Two Java int Arrays ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Arrays;&lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int[] a1 = new int[] { 2, 7, 1 };&lt;br /&gt;
    int[] a2 = new int[] { 2, 7, 1 };&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(Arrays.equals(a1, a2));&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Convert binary number to decimal number ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    String strBinaryNumber = &amp;quot;111000&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
    int decimalNumber = Integer.parseInt(strBinaryNumber, 2);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(decimalNumber);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Convert decimal integer to hexadecimal number ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int i = 32;&lt;br /&gt;
    String strHexNumber = Integer.toHexString(i);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(strHexNumber);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
//20&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Convert decimal integer to octal number ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int i = 27;&lt;br /&gt;
    String strOctalNumber = Integer.toOctalString(i);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(strOctalNumber);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
//33&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Convert hexadecimal number to decimal number ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(Integer.parseInt(&amp;quot;20&amp;quot;, 16));&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Convert octal number to decimal number ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    String strOctalNumber = &amp;quot;33&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
    int decimalNumber = Integer.parseInt(strOctalNumber, 8);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(decimalNumber);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
//27&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Convert string to integer ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int x, y;&lt;br /&gt;
    x = Integer.parseInt(&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
    y = Integer.parseInt(&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
    if (x &amp;gt; y) {&lt;br /&gt;
      System.out.println(x + &amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;quot; + y);&lt;br /&gt;
    } else if (x &amp;lt; y) {&lt;br /&gt;
      System.out.println(x + &amp;quot;&amp;lt;&amp;quot; + y);&lt;br /&gt;
    } else {&lt;br /&gt;
      System.out.println(x + &amp;quot;=&amp;quot; + y);&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Demonstrate a type wrapper. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      &lt;br /&gt;
class Wrap {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String args[]) {&lt;br /&gt;
    Integer iOb = new Integer(100);&lt;br /&gt;
    int i = iOb.intValue();&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(i + &amp;quot; &amp;quot; + iOb); // displays 100 100&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Gets the maximum of three int values. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
import java.math.BigDecimal;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.math.BigInteger;&lt;br /&gt;
/**&lt;br /&gt;
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more&lt;br /&gt;
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with&lt;br /&gt;
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.&lt;br /&gt;
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0&lt;br /&gt;
 * (the &amp;quot;License&amp;quot;); you may not use this file except in compliance with&lt;br /&gt;
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software&lt;br /&gt;
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an &amp;quot;AS IS&amp;quot; BASIS,&lt;br /&gt;
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.&lt;br /&gt;
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and&lt;br /&gt;
 * limitations under the License.&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/**&lt;br /&gt;
 * &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Provides extra functionality for Java Number classes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * @author &lt;br /&gt;
 * @author Eric Pugh&lt;br /&gt;
 * @author Phil Steitz&lt;br /&gt;
 * @since 1.0&lt;br /&gt;
 * @version $Id: NumberUtils.java 488819 2006-12-19 21:50:04Z bayard $&lt;br /&gt;
 * &lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  /**&lt;br /&gt;
   * &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Gets the maximum of three &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;int&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; values.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   * &lt;br /&gt;
   * @param a  value 1&lt;br /&gt;
   * @param b  value 2&lt;br /&gt;
   * @param c  value 3&lt;br /&gt;
   * @return  the largest of the values&lt;br /&gt;
   */&lt;br /&gt;
  public static int maximum(int a, int b, int c) {&lt;br /&gt;
      if (b &amp;gt; a) {&lt;br /&gt;
          a = b;&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      if (c &amp;gt; a) {&lt;br /&gt;
          a = c;&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      return a;&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Gets the minimum of three int values. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
import java.math.BigDecimal;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.math.BigInteger;&lt;br /&gt;
/**&lt;br /&gt;
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more&lt;br /&gt;
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with&lt;br /&gt;
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.&lt;br /&gt;
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0&lt;br /&gt;
 * (the &amp;quot;License&amp;quot;); you may not use this file except in compliance with&lt;br /&gt;
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software&lt;br /&gt;
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an &amp;quot;AS IS&amp;quot; BASIS,&lt;br /&gt;
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.&lt;br /&gt;
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and&lt;br /&gt;
 * limitations under the License.&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/**&lt;br /&gt;
 * &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Provides extra functionality for Java Number classes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * @author &lt;br /&gt;
 * @author Eric Pugh&lt;br /&gt;
 * @author Phil Steitz&lt;br /&gt;
 * @since 1.0&lt;br /&gt;
 * @version $Id: NumberUtils.java 488819 2006-12-19 21:50:04Z bayard $&lt;br /&gt;
 * &lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  /**&lt;br /&gt;
   * &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Gets the minimum of three &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;int&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; values.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   * &lt;br /&gt;
   * @param a  value 1&lt;br /&gt;
   * @param b  value 2&lt;br /&gt;
   * @param c  value 3&lt;br /&gt;
   * @return  the smallest of the values&lt;br /&gt;
   */&lt;br /&gt;
  public static int minimum(int a, int b, int c) {&lt;br /&gt;
      if (b &amp;lt; a) {&lt;br /&gt;
          a = b;&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      if (c &amp;lt; a) {&lt;br /&gt;
          a = c;&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      return a;&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Getting a Valid Integer ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      &lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Scanner;&lt;br /&gt;
public class MainClass {&lt;br /&gt;
  static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.print(&amp;quot;Enter an integer: &amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
    int i = GetInteger();&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;You entered &amp;quot; + i);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  public static int GetInteger() {&lt;br /&gt;
    while (true) {&lt;br /&gt;
      try {&lt;br /&gt;
        return sc.nextInt();&lt;br /&gt;
      } catch (InputMismatchException e) {&lt;br /&gt;
        sc.next();&lt;br /&gt;
        System.out.print(&amp;quot;That&amp;quot;s not &amp;quot; + &amp;quot;an integer. Try again: &amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Given an integer, return a string that is in an approximate, but human readable format ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
/**&lt;br /&gt;
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one&lt;br /&gt;
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file&lt;br /&gt;
 * distributed with this work for additional information&lt;br /&gt;
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file&lt;br /&gt;
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the&lt;br /&gt;
 * &amp;quot;License&amp;quot;); you may not use this file except in compliance&lt;br /&gt;
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software&lt;br /&gt;
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an &amp;quot;AS IS&amp;quot; BASIS,&lt;br /&gt;
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.&lt;br /&gt;
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and&lt;br /&gt;
 * limitations under the License.&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import java.io.PrintWriter;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.io.StringWriter;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.net.InetAddress;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.net.URI;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.text.DateFormat;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.ArrayList;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Arrays;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Date;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.List;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Collection;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/**&lt;br /&gt;
 * General string utils&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
public class StringUtils {&lt;br /&gt;
  final public static char COMMA = &amp;quot;,&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
  final public static String COMMA_STR = &amp;quot;,&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
  final public static char ESCAPE_CHAR = &amp;quot;\\&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
  private static DecimalFormat oneDecimal = new DecimalFormat(&amp;quot;0.0&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
  /**&lt;br /&gt;
   * Given an integer, return a string that is in an approximate, but human &lt;br /&gt;
   * readable format. &lt;br /&gt;
   * It uses the bases &amp;quot;k&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;m&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;g&amp;quot; for 1024, 1024**2, and 1024**3.&lt;br /&gt;
   * @param number the number to format&lt;br /&gt;
   * @return a human readable form of the integer&lt;br /&gt;
   */&lt;br /&gt;
  public static String humanReadableInt(long number) {&lt;br /&gt;
    long absNumber = Math.abs(number);&lt;br /&gt;
    double result = number;&lt;br /&gt;
    String suffix = &amp;quot;&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
    if (absNumber &amp;lt; 1024) {&lt;br /&gt;
      // nothing&lt;br /&gt;
    } else if (absNumber &amp;lt; 1024 * 1024) {&lt;br /&gt;
      result = number / 1024.0;&lt;br /&gt;
      suffix = &amp;quot;k&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
    } else if (absNumber &amp;lt; 1024 * 1024 * 1024) {&lt;br /&gt;
      result = number / (1024.0 * 1024);&lt;br /&gt;
      suffix = &amp;quot;m&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
    } else {&lt;br /&gt;
      result = number / (1024.0 * 1024 * 1024);&lt;br /&gt;
      suffix = &amp;quot;g&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    return oneDecimal.format(result) + suffix;&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Integer class creates primitives that wrap themselves around data items of the int data type ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      &lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;br /&gt;
public class MainClass {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int i = 17;&lt;br /&gt;
    Integer i2 = new Integer(i);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(i2.intValue());&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Integer.MIN_VALUE ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String args[]) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int mininteger = Integer.MIN_VALUE;&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(mininteger);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
//-2147483648&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Integer.toBinaryString ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Enumeration;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Vector;&lt;br /&gt;
class WrapperDemo {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;16055 in binary: &amp;quot; + Integer.toBinaryString(16055));&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Integer.toHexString ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Enumeration;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Vector;&lt;br /&gt;
class WrapperDemo {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;16055 in hexadecimal: &amp;quot; + Integer.toHexString(16055));&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Int Overflow ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
public class IntOverflow {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] unused) {&lt;br /&gt;
    do_shorts();&lt;br /&gt;
    do_ints();&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  protected static void do_shorts() {&lt;br /&gt;
    short i = Short.MAX_VALUE;&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;i=&amp;quot; + i++);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;i=&amp;quot; + i++);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;i=&amp;quot; + i++);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  protected static void do_ints() {&lt;br /&gt;
    int i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;i=&amp;quot; + i++);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;i=&amp;quot; + i++);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;i=&amp;quot; + i++);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
           &lt;br /&gt;
         &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Java int:int is 32 bit signed type ranges from �2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int i = 0;&lt;br /&gt;
    int j = 100;&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;Value of int variable i is :&amp;quot; + i);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;Value of int variable j is :&amp;quot; + j);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Java Sort int Array ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.Arrays;&lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int[] i1 = new int[] { 2, 2, 5, 4, 1 };&lt;br /&gt;
    for (int i:i1){&lt;br /&gt;
      System.out.print(&amp;quot; &amp;quot; + i);&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    Arrays.sort(i1);&lt;br /&gt;
    for (int i:i1){&lt;br /&gt;
      System.out.print(&amp;quot; &amp;quot; + i);&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    int[] i2 = new int[] { 51, 21, 31, 11, 41 };&lt;br /&gt;
    Arrays.sort(i2, 1, 4);&lt;br /&gt;
    for (int i:i2){&lt;br /&gt;
      System.out.print(&amp;quot; &amp;quot; + i);&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Modifiable Integer ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
/* &lt;br /&gt;
 * JGraphT : a free Java graph-theory library&lt;br /&gt;
 * &lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * Project Info:  http://jgrapht.sourceforge.net/&lt;br /&gt;
 * Project Creator:  Barak Naveh (http://sourceforge.net/users/barak_naveh)&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * (C) Copyright 2003-2007, by Barak Naveh and Contributors.&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it&lt;br /&gt;
 * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by&lt;br /&gt;
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or&lt;br /&gt;
 * (at your option) any later version.&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but&lt;br /&gt;
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY&lt;br /&gt;
 * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public&lt;br /&gt;
 * License for more details.&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License&lt;br /&gt;
 * along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,&lt;br /&gt;
 * Inc.,&lt;br /&gt;
 * 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
/* ----------------------&lt;br /&gt;
 * ModifiableInteger.java&lt;br /&gt;
 * ----------------------&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * (C) Copyright 2002-2004, by Barak Naveh and Contributors.&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * Original Author:  Barak Naveh&lt;br /&gt;
 * Contributor(s):   -&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * $Id: ModifiableInteger.java 588 2008-01-28 01:38:08Z perfecthash $&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * Changes&lt;br /&gt;
 * -------&lt;br /&gt;
 * 2004-05-27 : Initial version (BN);&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
/**&lt;br /&gt;
 * The &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; class wraps a value of the primitive type&lt;br /&gt;
 * &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;int&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; in an object, similarly to {@link java.lang.Integer}. An&lt;br /&gt;
 * object of type &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; contains a single field whose&lt;br /&gt;
 * type is &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;int&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Unlike &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;java.lang.Integer&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, the int value which the&lt;br /&gt;
 * ModifiableInteger represents can be modified. It becomes useful when used&lt;br /&gt;
 * together with the collection framework. For example, if you want to have a&lt;br /&gt;
 * {@link java.util.List} of counters. You could use &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Integer&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; but&lt;br /&gt;
 * that would have became wasteful and inefficient if you frequently had to&lt;br /&gt;
 * update the counters.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;WARNING: Because instances of this class are mutable, great care must be&lt;br /&gt;
 * exercised if used as keys of a {@link java.util.Map} or as values in a {@link&lt;br /&gt;
 * java.util.Set} in a manner that affects equals comparisons while the&lt;br /&gt;
 * instances are keys in the map (or values in the set). For more see&lt;br /&gt;
 * documentation of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Map&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Set&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 * @author Barak Naveh&lt;br /&gt;
 * @since May 27, 2004&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
public class ModifiableInteger&lt;br /&gt;
    extends Number&lt;br /&gt;
    implements Comparable&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
    //~ Static fields/initializers ---------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3618698612851422261L;&lt;br /&gt;
    //~ Instance fields --------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * The int value represented by this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public int value;&lt;br /&gt;
    //~ Constructors -----------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;!!! DON&amp;quot;T USE - Use the {@link #ModifiableInteger(int)} constructor&lt;br /&gt;
     * instead !!!&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This constructor is for the use of java.beans.XMLDecoder&lt;br /&gt;
     * deserialization. The constructor is marked as &amp;quot;deprecated&amp;quot; to indicate to&lt;br /&gt;
     * the programmer against using it by mistake.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @deprecated not really deprecated, just marked so to avoid mistaken use.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    @Deprecated public ModifiableInteger()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Constructs a newly allocated &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; object that&lt;br /&gt;
     * represents the specified &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;int&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; value.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @param value the value to be represented by the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; object.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public ModifiableInteger(int value)&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        this.value = value;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    //~ Methods ----------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Sets a new value for this modifiable integer.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @param value the new value to set.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public void setValue(int value)&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        this.value = value;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Returns the value of this object, similarly to {@link #intValue()}. This&lt;br /&gt;
     * getter is NOT redundant. It is used for serialization by&lt;br /&gt;
     * java.beans.XMLEncoder.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @return the value.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public int getValue()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        return this.value;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Adds one to the value of this modifiable integer.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public void increment()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        this.value++;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Subtracts one from the value of this modifiable integer.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public void decrement()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        this.value--;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Compares two &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; objects numerically.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @param anotherInteger the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to be compared.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @return the value &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * is equal to the argument &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;; a value less&lt;br /&gt;
     * than &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is numerically&lt;br /&gt;
     * less than the argument &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;; and a value&lt;br /&gt;
     * greater than &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is&lt;br /&gt;
     * numerically greater than the argument &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * (signed comparison).&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public int compareTo(ModifiableInteger anotherInteger)&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        int thisVal = this.value;&lt;br /&gt;
        int anotherVal = anotherInteger.value;&lt;br /&gt;
        return (thisVal &amp;lt; anotherVal) ? -1 : ((thisVal == anotherVal) ? 0 : 1);&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Compares this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; object to another object. If&lt;br /&gt;
     * the object is an &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, this function behaves&lt;br /&gt;
     * like &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;compareTo(Integer)&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. Otherwise, it throws a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * ClassCastException&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; (as &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; objects are&lt;br /&gt;
     * only comparable to other &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; objects).&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @param o the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Object&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to be compared.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @return the value &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if the argument is a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; numerically equal to this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;; a value less than &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if the&lt;br /&gt;
     * argument is a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; numerically greater than&lt;br /&gt;
     * this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;; and a value greater than &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * 0&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if the argument is a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; numerically&lt;br /&gt;
     * less than this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @see java.lang.ruparable#compareTo(java.lang.Object)&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public int compareTo(Object o)&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        return compareTo((ModifiableInteger) o);&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * @see Number#doubleValue()&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public double doubleValue()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        return this.value;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Compares this object to the specified object. The result is &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * true&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if and only if the argument is not &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;null&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and is&lt;br /&gt;
     * an &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; object that contains the same &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * int&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; value as this object.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @param o the object to compare with.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @return &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;true&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if the objects are the same; &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * otherwise.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public boolean equals(Object o)&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        if (o instanceof ModifiableInteger) {&lt;br /&gt;
            return this.value == ((ModifiableInteger) o).value;&lt;br /&gt;
        }&lt;br /&gt;
        return false;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * @see Number#floatValue()&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public float floatValue()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        return this.value;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Returns a hash code for this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @return a hash code value for this object, equal to the primitive &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * int&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; value represented by this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * object.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public int hashCode()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        return this.value;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * @see Number#intValue()&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public int intValue()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        return this.value;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * @see Number#longValue()&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public long longValue()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        return this.value;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Returns an &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Integer&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; object representing this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot;s value.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @return an &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Integer&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; representation of the value of this&lt;br /&gt;
     * object.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public Integer toInteger()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        return Integer.valueOf(this.value);&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    /**&lt;br /&gt;
     * Returns a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;String&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; object representing this &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     * ModifiableInteger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot;s value. The value is converted to signed&lt;br /&gt;
     * decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the&lt;br /&gt;
     * integer value were given as an argument to the {@link&lt;br /&gt;
     * java.lang.Integer#toString(int)} method.&lt;br /&gt;
     *&lt;br /&gt;
     * @return a string representation of the value of this object in&lt;br /&gt;
     * base&amp;amp;nbsp;10.&lt;br /&gt;
     */&lt;br /&gt;
    public String toString()&lt;br /&gt;
    {&lt;br /&gt;
        return String.valueOf(this.value);&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
// End ModifiableInteger.java&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Multiply a decimal fraction, not using floating point ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
/**&lt;br /&gt;
 * Multiply a decimal fraction, not using floating point&lt;br /&gt;
 * @author Ian F. Darwin, http://www.darwinsys.ru/&lt;br /&gt;
 * @version $Id: IntFract.java,v 1.5 2004/02/09 03:33:57 ian Exp $&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
public class IntFract {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] argv) {&lt;br /&gt;
    //+&lt;br /&gt;
    int a = 100;&lt;br /&gt;
    int b = a*5/7;&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(&amp;quot;5/7 of &amp;quot; + a + &amp;quot; is &amp;quot; + b);&lt;br /&gt;
    // Just for fun, do it again in floating point.&lt;br /&gt;
    final double FRACT = 0.7142857132857;&lt;br /&gt;
    int c = (int)(a*FRACT);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(FRACT + &amp;quot; of &amp;quot; + a + &amp;quot; is &amp;quot; + c);&lt;br /&gt;
    //-&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
           &lt;br /&gt;
         &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pass an integer by reference ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] argv) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int[] a = new int[1];&lt;br /&gt;
    a[0] = 1;&lt;br /&gt;
    add(a);&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(a[0]);&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  static void add(int[] a) {&lt;br /&gt;
    a[0] = a[0] + 2;&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
// 3&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Returns the sign for int value x ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
import java.math.BigDecimal;&lt;br /&gt;
/* &lt;br /&gt;
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more&lt;br /&gt;
 *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with&lt;br /&gt;
 *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.&lt;br /&gt;
 *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0&lt;br /&gt;
 *  (the &amp;quot;License&amp;quot;); you may not use this file except in compliance with&lt;br /&gt;
 *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software&lt;br /&gt;
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an &amp;quot;AS IS&amp;quot; BASIS,&lt;br /&gt;
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.&lt;br /&gt;
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and&lt;br /&gt;
 *  limitations under the License.&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 *&lt;br /&gt;
 */&lt;br /&gt;
public class Main {&lt;br /&gt;
  /**&lt;br /&gt;
   * Returns the &lt;br /&gt;
   * for int value &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
   * &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   * For an int value x, this method returns +1 if x &amp;gt; 0, 0 if x = 0, and -1&lt;br /&gt;
   * if x &amp;lt; 0.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   * &lt;br /&gt;
   * @param x the value, an int&lt;br /&gt;
   * @return +1, 0, or -1, depending on the sign of x&lt;br /&gt;
   */&lt;br /&gt;
  public static int sign(final int x) {&lt;br /&gt;
      return (x == 0) ? 0 : (x &amp;gt; 0) ? 1 : -1;&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rolling the Dice ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
public class MainClass {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int roll;&lt;br /&gt;
    String msg = &amp;quot;Here are 100 random rolls of the dice:&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
    System.out.println(msg);&lt;br /&gt;
    for (int i = 0; i &amp;lt; 100; i++) {&lt;br /&gt;
      roll = randomInt(1, 6);&lt;br /&gt;
      System.out.print(roll + &amp;quot; &amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  public static int randomInt(int low, int high) {&lt;br /&gt;
    int result = (int) (Math.random() * (high - low + 1)) + low;&lt;br /&gt;
    return result;&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== The Integer class cannot be changed ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;java&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
// : appendixa:ImmutableInteger.java&lt;br /&gt;
// The Integer class cannot be changed.&lt;br /&gt;
// From &amp;quot;Thinking in Java, 3rd ed.&amp;quot; (c) Bruce Eckel 2002&lt;br /&gt;
// www.BruceEckel.ru. See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt.&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.ArrayList;&lt;br /&gt;
import java.util.List;&lt;br /&gt;
public class ImmutableInteger {&lt;br /&gt;
  public static void main(String[] args) {&lt;br /&gt;
    List v = new ArrayList();&lt;br /&gt;
    for (int i = 0; i &amp;lt; 10; i++)&lt;br /&gt;
      v.add(new Integer(i));&lt;br /&gt;
    // But how do you change the int inside the Integer?&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
} ///:~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
           &lt;br /&gt;
         &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- end source code --&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
			</entry>

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